Underwater Acoustic Positioning Systems

Underwater acoustic positioning systems are deployed to determine the positions of objects or vehicles underwater, such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and fixed seabed sensors, where traditional GPS signals cannot reach.

Acoustic navigation products can provide accurate, reliable results and can be used in both deep and shallow waters, making them highly versatile. However, signals can be affected by water conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and even salinity. Background noise, for example from marine life and other vessels, can also disrupt signal reception. 

Underwater acoustic positioning systems are key tools in modern subsea operations, enabling a wide range of activities from scientific research to industrial applications with precision and reliability.

Types of Underwater Acoustic Positioning Systems

Subsonus USBL Miniature Underwater Acoustic Positioning System by Advanced Navigation

Long Baseline (LBL) Systems
Long Baseline (LBL) positioning involves a network of transponders placed on the seabed. An underwater vehicle or instrument emits acoustic signals that are received by these transponders. LBL systems are highly accurate and are commonly used for deep-sea applications where high precision is essential.

Short Baseline (SBL) Systems
Short Baseline (SBL) systems use an array of transducers installed on a surface vessel or a subsea platform. SBL systems are typically used in shallower waters and for tasks requiring less stringent accuracy compared to LBL systems. They offer the advantage of being more compact and easier to deploy.

Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) Systems
Also known as Super Short Baseline systems, Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) systems integrate transducers in very close proximity, often within a single housing. These systems provide quick and easy deployment, making them ideal for dynamic operations such as tracking AUVs or ROVs from a moving vessel. 

Subsea Positioning Applications

Underwater Navigation: AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) and ROVs rely on positioning systems for navigation and precise maneuvering during tasks such as seabed mapping and pipeline inspection.

Marine Research: Underwater acoustic positioning systems are utilised by scientists to track tagged marine animals, monitor oceanographic instruments, and conduct deep-sea research.

Offshore Construction and Surveying: Underwater positioning systems are crucial for installing subsea infrastructure such as oil rigs, pipelines, and communication cables, ensuring they are correctly placed.